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29. REFER TO DRAWER/ INSUFFICIENCY OF FUNDS
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Section 138 - Dishonour of cheque - "Refer to drawer" - Means dishonour is on ground of insufficiency of funds. (Rajan Vs Sharafudheen) 2003(2) CRIMINAL COURT CASES 415 (Kerala)
Section 138 - Dishonour of cheque - "Refer to drawer" - Means dishonour is on ground of insufficiency of funds. (Rajan Vs Sharafudheen) 2003(2) CIVIL COURT CASES 638 (Kerala)
Section 138 - 'Refer to drawer' - Means many reasons including the reason that there was no sufficient fund for honouring the cheque. (Raj Vs Rajan) 1997(1) CIVIL COURT CASES 170 (Kerala) : 1997 (4) ALL INDIA CRIMINAL LR (KERALA) 0680 : 1997 (3) RCR (CRL.) 0508 : 1998 (1) BANKING CASES 0027 : 1997 (2) BANKING CASES 0059 : 1997 CRL. L.J. 1939 : 1997 (1) ALT (CRL.) 0359 : 1997 (3) CCR 0643 : 1997 (1) KLT 0302
Section 138 - "Refer to drawer" - It does not necessarily mean that cheque was dishonoured for want of sufficient funds - The endorsement "Refer to drawer" may mean many reasons including the reason of insufficiency of funds - It is for complainant to prove that endorsement "refer to drawer meant that there were insufficient funds - Offence not proved in absence of evidence on this point. (A.C.Raj Vs M.Rajan) 1997(2) CIVIL COURT CASES 264 (Kerala)
Section 138 - Cheque dishonoured with endorsement 'Refer to drawer' - Inference cannot b e drawn that cheque is returned on account of insufficiency of funds - Cheque might have been returned for various reasons - Offence u/s 138 is not made out. (Union Roadways (P)Ltd. Vs Shan Ramanlal) 1992 CIVIL COURT CASES 420 (A.P.) : 1992 ISJ (BANKING) 0425 : 1992 (2) BANKING CASES 0216 : 1993 (1) BCLR 0271 : 1993 (76) COMP. CASES 0315 : 1992 (2) CRIMES 0215 : 1992 (1) AWR 0372
Section 138 - Cheque dishonoured with endorsement 'Refer to drawer' - Terms used by Bank have no relevance - Court is to found out a question of fact whether there was insufficiency of funds or funds were not arranged for. (New Haryana Transport Co. Vs Hanutmal Jain) 1994(1) CIVIL COURT CASES 7 (A.P.) : 1993 ISJ (BANKING) 0660
Section 138 - Dishonour of cheque - 'Refer to drawer' - This indicates that there were insufficient funds in the account of drawer - Section 138 is attracted. (Francis Savio Vs State of Kerala) 1999(2) CIVIL COURT CASES 438 (Kerala) : 1999 (1) ALL INDIA CRIMINAL LR (KERALA) 0342 : 1999 (1) RCR (CRL.) 0732 : 1998 CRL. L.J. 4735
Section 138 - Dishonour of cheque - Bank endorsement "Signatures did not tally" and "Refer to drawer" - Expression "Refer to drawer" means there were not sufficient funds with the bank in the account of drawer - Case under Section 138 is made out - The question as to whether signatures of the drawer did or did not tally is a question of fact to be decided at trial. (M/s Lily Hire Purchase Pvt. Ltd. Vs Darshan) 1997(SUPPL.) CIVIL COURT CASES 479 (P&H) : 1997 (1) AIJ 0069
Section 138 - Dishonour of cheque - Cheque returned with endorsement 'Refer to drawer' or 'Instructions for stoppage of payment' or 'Stamp exceeds arrangement' - Amounts to dishonour of cheque. (M/s Electronics Trade & Technology Development Corporation Ltd. Vs M/s Indian Technologist & Engineers (Electronics) Pvt.Ltd.) 1996(1) CIVIL COURT CASES 309 (S.C.) - 1996(1) APEX COURT JOURNAL 99 (S.C.) : 1996 (3) RCR (CRL.) 0593 : 1996 (1) BANKING CASES 0217 : 1996 BJ 0408 : 1996 (3) CRIMES 0082 : 1996 CRL. L.J. 1692 : 1996 (4) CCR 0083 : 1996 (2) SCC 0739 : 1996 SCC (CRL.) 0454 : AIR 1996 SC 2339 : 1996 (1) JT 0643 : 1996 (1) LW (CRL.) 0325
Section 138 - No sufficient funds in account on the date of issuance of cheque - Funds made available when cheque was presented - There is no presumption of dishonesty - Section 138 gets attracted only when cheque is dishonoured. (M/s Modi Cements Ltd. Vs Kuchil Kumar Nandi) 1998(2) CIVIL COURT CASES 1 (S.C.) - 1998(1) APEX COURT JOURNAL 554 (S.C.) : 1998 ISJ (BANKING) 0308 : 1998 (1) ALL INDIA CRIMINAL LR (S.C.) 0802 : 1998 (3) CIVIL LJ 0276 : 1998 (2) RCR (CRL.) 0077 : 1998 (1) BANKING CASES 0421 : 1998 (92) COMP. CASES 0088 : 1998 AIR SCW 0842 : 1998 (2) ALL CJ 0905 : 1998 (1) CRIMES 0268 : 1998 CRL. L.J. 1397 : 1998 (2) CLT 0041 : 1998 CCLR 0207 : AIR 1998 SC 1056 : 1998 (36) ALL CRI C 0593 : 1998 (2) APLJ 0021 : 1998 (2) BLJR 0954
Section 138(b) - 'Refer to drawer' - With this endorsement cheque dishonoured - It is a courteous way normally adopted by a Bank to show its inability to honour the cheque for want of funds. (M.M.Malik Vs Prem Kumar Goyal) 1991 CIVIL COURT CASES 501 (P&H) : 1991 CRL. L.J. 2594