Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, Section 138, 139, 118 -- Dishonour of cheque - Presumption - No denial as to issuance of cheque and signatures thereupon - It can be presumed that cheque was issued in discharge of lawful liability - Accused rightly convicted...........
Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, Section 138, Criminal Procedure Code, 1973, Section 204(2) -- Dishonour of cheque - Non furnishing list of witnesses - Issuance of process - Provision of S.204(2) Cr.P.C. is mandatory but this by itself does not vitiate the issue of process or jurisdiction of Court - Moreover, S.145 of N.I. Act which is pari materia to S.254(2) Cr.P.C..........
Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, Section 138 -- Dishonour of cheque - Quashing of complaint - Plea that notice was returned as same was sent to wrong address - Notice whether amounts to proper notice is a matter of evidence - Complaint cannot be quashed without giving an opportunity to complainant to prove issuance of legal notice...........
Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, Section 138 -- Dishonour of cheque - Cheque return memo - If cheque return memo is not bearing any official stamp of bank, it does not render the cheque return memo as invalid or illegal...........
Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, Section 138, 146 -- Dishonour of cheque - Cheque return memo - Neither S.138 nor S.146 of NI Act prescribes any particular form of cheque return memo - Cheque return memo is nothing but a mere information given by the Banker of the due holder of a cheque that cheque has been returned as unpaid...........
Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, Section 138 -- Dishonour of cheque - Cheque return memo - In case of any irregularity or illegality in the format of cheque return memo then it can be addressed during the course of trial...........
Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, Section 138, 146, Criminal Procedure Code, 1973, Section 482 -- Dishonour of cheque - Cheque return memo - Quashing of complaint - Plea that photocopy of cheque return memo filed and original not filed and secondly cheque return memo is without bank seal - Neither S.138 nor S.146 of NI Act prescribes any particular form of cheque return..........
Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, Section 138, Criminal Procedure Code, 1973, Section 311 -- Dishonour of cheque - Summoning of Manager of bank - Account statement of accused along with requisite clarification as to return memo is essential for just adjudication of case - No irreparable loss would be suffered by accused if application to summon Manager alongwith relevant..........
Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, Section 138, 139 -- Dishonour of cheque - Presumption - Signatures on cheque admitted - Presumption u/s 139 of the Act includes presumption that there exists a legally enforceable debt or liability - However, the presumption is rebuttable and it is open to accused to raise a defence wherein the existence of a legally enforceable debt or..........
Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, Section 138, 139 -- Dishonour of cheque - Presumption - Can only be rebutted when there is probable defence - It cannot be probable defence that complainant has no capacity to pay the money until and unless an initial defence is set up by a reply notice or accused examines his witnesses and relies upon documentary evidence...........