Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, Section 13(1)(i) -- Divorce - Adultery - Dissolution on the ground of adultery can be granted only when sexual intercourse is proved - However, it would be extremely impossible to get direct evidence on sexual intercourse and same can be proved by circumstantial evidence...........
Indian Penal Code, 1860, Section 302, 201, Evidence Act, 1872, Section 8 -- Murder - Circumstantial evidence - Motive - Appellant needed money to get his jeep back and for this purpose he looted tractor by killing driver to arrange money - However, there is no further evidence on record to prove that after looting tractor and committing alleged murder of deceased he has..........
Indian Penal Code, 1860, Section 302, 201 -- Murder - Circumstantial evidence - Last seen theory - Prosecution from testimonies of PW18 and PW20 has been able to prove that deceased was last seen alive in the company of appellant and co-accused on the evening of day before death of deceased - Accused persons took deceased along with them on the pretext of fetching cable..........
Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023, Section 483, Ranbir Penal Code, 1989, Section 302, 34, 201, Arms Act, 1959, Section 4, 25 -- Bail - Offence u/Ss. 302, 201, 34 and Ss.4, 25 Arms Act - Petitioner in custody for seven years - Even, co-accused died during pendency of trial - Moreover, entire prosecution case based on circumstantial evidence - Further, material..........
Criminal Procedure Code, 1973, Section 125(4) -- (Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023, S.144(4) - Maintenance to wife - Adultery - Wife of `A' with whom respondent/wife is leading adulterous life had filed divorce petition on ground of adultery - Said circumstantial evidence are sufficient to establish the factum of `living in adultery' on a balance of preponderance..........
Criminal Procedure Code, 1973, Section 125(4) -- (Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023, S.144(4) - Maintenance to wife - Adultery - Husband is not required to prove adulterous act beyond a reasonable doubt - Adultery typically occurs in secrecy, making direct proof rare - Adultery can often be established through circumstantial evidence, provided circumstances lead..........
Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, Section 138, 139, 118 -- Dishonour of cheque - Presumption - Standard of proof to rebut presumption u/ss 118, 139 of the Act is preponderance of probabilities and that accused is not required to prove his case beyond reasonable doubt - Standard of proof in order to rebut statutory presumption, can be inferred from materials on record and..........
Indian Penal Code, 1860, Section 302 -- Murder - Circumstantial evidence - Conviction for murder can solely rest on circumstantial evidence if chain of circumstances is complete and consistent only with hypothesis of guilt of accused...........
Indian Penal Code, 1860, Section 302, Evidence Act, 1872, Section 106 -- Murder - Circumstantial evidence - When an accused offers a false explanation regarding cause of death which takes place within confines of his house, such falsity becomes an additional link in the chain of circumstances pointing to guilt of accused...........
Indian Penal Code, 1860, Section 302, 304B, 498A, 201 -- Murder - Circumstantial evidence - Allegation against father-in-law - Conviction upheld for following reasons: (i) unnatural death of deceased which was not accidental but homicidal as established from medical evidence; (ii) death occurred inside the house occupied by accused which was under his control; (iii) FIR..........
