Defamation -- Suit for damages - Doctrine of qualified privilege - In a civil defamation case, it is not necessary to prove intention or malice - Where communication is protected by qualified privilege, absence or presence of malice becomes decisive and plaintiff has to prove express malice...........
Civil Procedure Code, 1908, Section 151 -- Additional evidence - At the stage of arguments - Documents sought are certain original title deeds of other defendants - Since these documents are in custody of plaintiff and he could trace it now, denying him opportunity to produce these documents as evidence, would certainly affect his very case filed for claim of mortgage -..........
Civil Procedure Code, 1908, Order 7, Rule 11 -- Rejection of plaint - Where complex and contentious matters arise, plaintiff must be afforded an opportunity to prove his case rather than being shut out at the very threshold...........
Specific Relief Act, 1963, Section 38 -- Permanent injunction - Plaintiff failed to provide a clear and identifiable description of property, including boundaries, which renders suit unsustainable - Plaintiff ought to have taken steps such as seeking a commission, to identify disputed property - Failure by plaintiff to take appropriate steps to substantiate his claim, he..........
Civil Procedure Code, 1908, Order 18, Rule 1 -- Right to begin - When there are several issue in a case in respect to issue where burden is on defendant to prove, plaintiff can exercise the option as provided U.O.18.R.1 CPC - However, in respect to other issues right to lead evidence is always on plaintiff...........
Specific Relief Act, 1963, Section 34, 38 -- Suit for declaration, possession and permanent injunction - Plaintiff failed to enter witness box to testify and prove her plaint case - Testimony of power of attorney holder of plaintiff is inadmissible with regard to facts within personal knowledge of plaintiff who has failed to enter witness box - Sale deed executed by father..........
Will -- Proof of - Plaintiff has not filed original Will and has only filed its certified copy - No reason furnished by plaintiff as to why original Will was not produced by him in trial Court - Plaintiff was bound to prove original Will and if that was lost, destroyed or was not in his possession, only then plaintiff could have filed certified copy of Will but that was..........
Will -- Proof of - There are two attesting witnesses of alleged Will, but plaintiff has not examined any of them in order to prove execution of Will - One of attesting witness is alive, but she is not examined or she is not willing to appear in Court, as such, Will has not been proved in accordance with S.68 of Evidence Act - Since, one attesting witness of alleged Will..........
Civil Procedure Code, 1908, Order 26, Rule 9 -- Appointment of Local Commissioner - When there is a title dispute yet to be adjudicated in the suit, demarcating boundaries as per documents produced by parties, would not be proper - If plaintiff succeeds to prove his title, then in such a case further steps of fixing boundaries and demarcating boundaries would arise - But..........
Specific Relief Act, 1963, Section 34, 38 -- Suit for declaration on basis of adverse possession and permanent injunction - Plaintiff has relied upon agreement to sell to prove her ownership over suit property - However admittedly, said agreement was not proven on record in terms of S.64 of Evidence Act - Original agreement was never produced by plaintiff - Even no..........
