Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023, Section 348 -- (Criminal Procedure Code, 1973, S.311) - Recalling of witness - Once witness has already been cross-examined and defence has disclosed its stand based on prosecution's own omissions, permitting recall of witness at this stage, would amount to nullify defence established during trial and may prove prejudicial to..........
Evidence Act, 1872, Section 154 -- Hostile witness - Evidence of a hostile witness would not be totally rejected if spoken in favour of either prosecution or accused - It would rather have to be subjected to closer scrutiny and that portion of evidence which is consistent with case of prosecution or defence may be accepted...........
Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989, Section 3(1)(xi), Indian Penal Code, 1860, Section 354, 323 -- Offence u/s 3(1)(xi) of SC/ST Act and Ss.354, 323 IPC - Victim has not stated that A-2 committed alleged offence only because of victim being a member of SC - No such statement was even made by PW2 - Defence has been successful in..........
Criminal Procedure Code, 1973, Section 311, Evidence Act, 1872, Section 138 -- Recall of PWs - Cross-examination is statutory right of accused - Unless and until said opportunity is provided to accused, he would not be in a position to put defence in a proper way - For conducting a fair trial, proper opportunity is required to be given to accused...........
Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, Section 13(1)(ia) -- Divorce - Cruelty - Non-deposit of arrears of maintenance by husband - Defence of husband struck off - Allegations of cruelty made by wife accepted - Divorce granted...........
Civil Procedure Code, 1908, Order 6, Rule 17 -- Amendment of written statement - Suit for specific performance - Proposed amendment attempt to alter the very character of transaction from an agreement to sell into a transaction of loan, by introducing a new context that agreement was executed only as a security to such a loan - It completely changes the foundation of the..........
Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, Section 138 -- Dishonour of cheque - If accused is able to raise a probable defence, which creates doubts about existence of a legally enforceable debt or liability, prosecution can fail...........
Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, Section 138, 139 -- Dishonour of cheque - Presumption - While dealing with presumption u/s 139 of the Act, accused has two options: (i) debt/liability does not exist i.e by leading defence evidence and conclusively establishing with certainty that cheque was not issued in discharge of a debt/liability; and (ii) to prove the non-existence..........
Civil Procedure Code, 1908, Order 7, Rule 11 -- Rejection of plaint - While considering application for rejection of plaint only averments made in plaint and nothing else is to be considered to find out whether suit is barred by law - At this stage, defence is not to be considered...........
Civil Procedure Code, 1908, Order 37, Rule 3(4)(5) -- Summary suit - Defendant cannot be permitted to file reply or defence in a summary suit without leave of Court...........
