Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, Section 138, Criminal Procedure Code, 1973, Section 482 -- Dishonour of cheque - Quashing of proceedings - Complaint on its face discloses ingredients constituting an offence u/s 138 of N.I Act - Even if plea of petitioner that cheque was issued as security or that liability stood discharged, is taken at face value, such pleas are matters..........
Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, Section 138 -- Dishonour of cheque - Notice - Payment of cheque amount - It has to be understood as valid offer and acceptance of legally enforceable discharge which may be cash, manager's cheque, demand draft or may even be a mix of all the above and may also include a renewed cheque...........
Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, Section 138 -- Dishonour of cheque - Notice - Payment of cheque amount - Offence u/s 138 of the Act is not attracted where drawer upon service of notice makes payment within prescribed period - Once payment is lawfully tendered and accepted foundational ingredient of "failure to make payment" stands negated...........
Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, Section 138 -- Dishonour of cheque - Notice - Payment of cheque amount - Mode of payment - Statute does not prescribe any specific mode of payment - Making of payment thus entails a legally valid tender and does not press/pose a cash payment alone - It has to be understood as a valid offer and acceptance of legally enforceable discharge..........
Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, Section 138 -- Dishonour of cheque - Notice - Payment of cheque amount by way of demand draft but same not encashed - Demand draft presented for encashment only when petitioner was summoned in the complaint - Such conduct lends credence to petitioner's contention that criminal process was invoked not for recovery of dues, since amounts had..........
Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, Section 138, Criminal Procedure Code, 1973, Section 2(wa) -- Dishonour of cheque - Complainant u/s 138 of the N.I Act is a victim as defined in S.2(wa) Cr.P.C. as the expression `victim' includes not only person who has suffered any loss or injury caused by reason of any act or omission for which accused person has been charged, but also..........
Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, Section 138, Criminal Procedure Code, 1973, Section 372Proviso, 378 -- Dishonour of cheque - Appeal against acquittal - Person who files a complaint alleging offence u/s 138 of N.I Act has right to prefer appeal u/s 378 or S.372 proviso Cr.PC (S.419 and S.413 Proviso BNSS) - Since an appeal lies under Cr.P.C or BNSS, no proceeding by way..........
Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, Section 138 -- Dishonour of cheque - Quashing of complaint - Settlement agreement was recorded only in civil Court and a decree passed in the suit - Complaint was neither referred to mediation nor was any compromise reported before trial Court - Criminal proceedings thus, continue to subsist independently...........
Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, Section 138 -- Dishonour of cheque - Quashing of complaint - Mere existence of a compromise decree in a civil suit does not ipso facto render criminal prosecution non-maintainable, particularly when terms of settlement themselves contemplate withdrawal of complaint only upon fulfillment of specified conditions...........
Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, Section 138, 143A -- Dishonour of cheque - Interim compensation - S.143-A of the Act confers a discretionary authority and does not mandate automatic award of interim compensation - Exercise of such discretion is contingent upon factual substratum of each case and equities emerging therefrom...........
