Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, Section 138, 139, 118 -- Dishonour of cheque - Presumption - Standard of proof to rebut presumption u/ss 118, 139 of the Act is preponderance of probabilities and that accused is not required to prove his case beyond reasonable doubt - Standard of proof in order to rebut statutory presumption, can be inferred from materials on record and..........
Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, Section 138, 139 -- Dishonour of cheque - Presumption - Evidence on record shows that there was no financial transaction between parties in connection with execution of exchange deed - Accused has disputed the transaction and financial capacity of complainant - He has succeeded in rebutting the presumption regarding consideration in favour..........
Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, Section 138, 139 -- Dishonour of cheque - Presumption - While dealing with presumption u/s 139 of the Act, accused has two options: (i) debt/liability does not exist i.e by leading defence evidence and conclusively establishing with certainty that cheque was not issued in discharge of a debt/liability; and (ii) to prove the non-existence..........
Indian Penal Code, 1860, Section 302 -- Murder - Circumstantial evidence - Conviction for murder can solely rest on circumstantial evidence if chain of circumstances is complete and consistent only with hypothesis of guilt of accused...........
Indian Penal Code, 1860, Section 302, Evidence Act, 1872, Section 106 -- Murder - Circumstantial evidence - When an accused offers a false explanation regarding cause of death which takes place within confines of his house, such falsity becomes an additional link in the chain of circumstances pointing to guilt of accused...........
Indian Penal Code, 1860, Section 302, 304B, 498A, 201 -- Murder - Circumstantial evidence - Allegation against father-in-law - Conviction upheld for following reasons: (i) unnatural death of deceased which was not accidental but homicidal as established from medical evidence; (ii) death occurred inside the house occupied by accused which was under his control; (iii) FIR..........
Indian Penal Code, 1860, Section 302, 34 -- Murder - Death by poisoning - Court must carefully scan evidence and determine four important circumstances which alone can justify conviction i.e. : (i) there is a clear motive for an accused to administer poison to deceased; (ii) that deceased died of poison said to have been administered; (iii) that accused had poison in his..........
Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012, Section 6, 5(m), 8, 7, 10, 9(f), 9(k), 9(m) -- Aggravated penetrative sexual assault - Victim girl who was deaf, mute and physically handicapped was less than 11 years of age - Medical examination of child reveals no injuries on child - Contradictions and inconsistencies in the oral evidence of witnesses irreparably..........
Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, Section 138, 139, 118 -- Dishonour of cheque - Presumption - Once signature and execution of cheque is admitted, a statutory presumption arises u/ss 139, 118 of the Act that cheque was issued in discharge of a debt or a liability - This presumption is rebuttable but burden lies on accused to adduce cogent evidence...........
Indian Penal Code, 1860, Section 302, 201, 34 -- Murder - Last seen evidence - PW1/only last seen witness admits that accused persons are not known to him - He also admits that he cannot say as to where accused persons are living - PW1 stated that deceased had gone alone - Theory of last seen propounded by star prosecution witness (PW1) is not made out...........
